Impacto del estrés por calor en la producción de ovinos de pelo. Revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v11i1.4923Keywords:
borregos adaptados, hipertermia, homeotermos, fertilidad de ovinosAbstract
Frente al problema del calentamiento global y cambio climático, los pequeños rumiantes serán clave para mantener la producción de proteína de origen animal, ya que tienen superioridad en la tolerancia al calor en comparación con otros animales domésticos. Los ovinos de pelo han demostrado ampliamente su habilidad para crecer y reproducirse en escenarios naturales de altas temperaturas y baja disponibilidad de nutrientes. La adaptación que presentan estos ovinos al estrés calórico está dada por una compleja interacción entre los mecanismos de termorregulación y la presencia de factores genéticos, lo cual les confiere una plasticidad fisiológica para tolerar climas calientes sin afectar drásticamente la productividad. Bajo condiciones de México, los ovinos de pelo se encuentran distribuidos en los diferentes climas debido a que no presentan una estacionalidad reproductiva, y esta característica permite a la industria ovina mantener una producción de carne constante a través del año; sin embargo, poca atención se ha puesto sobre su habilidad para producir en condiciones de estrés calórico. En este sentido, la presente revisión tiene como objetivo hacer una descripción de los efectos del estrés calórico sobre el comportamiento reproductivo, el crecimiento de corderos y la termorregulación de ovinos de pelo.
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