La hipocalcemia en la vaca lechera. Revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v13i4.5277Palabras clave:
Hipocalcemia, Vaca lechera, Homeostasis, Calcio, Serotonina, MetritisResumen
Los niveles de calcio (Ca) disminuyen en sangre y citosol al momento del parto, alterando la transmisión del impulso nervioso, la contracción muscular y la actividad de las células inmunes. En el sistema nervioso el Ca participa en la conducción de estímulos. En el sistema muscular disminuye la contracción causando alteraciones en músculo liso, útero y glándula mamaria. En el útero hay retención y almacenamiento de fluidos y desechos uterinos, con complicaciones bacterianas. En el sistema inmune, es importante la función de los neutrófilos y se manifiesta con una disminución de células dedicadas a la fagocitosis predisponiendo a mastitis y metritis. En la hipocalcemia bovina se distinguen dos presentaciones: clínica y subclínica. En la clínica (valores de Ca inferiores a 5.5 mg/dl) se altera la homeostasis con pérdida de apetito, decúbito y letargo. La hipocalcemia subclínica es más común (Ca entre 8.0 y 5.5 mg/dl), y no se altera la homeostasis, pero si se reduce la contracción muscular y la función inmune. El tratamiento se basa en la aplicación de calcio vía oral en vacas de pie, y vía endovenosa en las vacas postradas. La prevención depende de la inclusión de raciones que contengan sales aniónicas con lo cual se favorece el estímulo de mantener los niveles de Ca sanguíneos para controlar el nivel de cationes y aniones. Además, se puede administrar Ca vía oral. La homeostasis de calcio en la lactancia es regulada por la hormona serotonina, que estimula a la hormona paratiroidea y la reabsorción ósea en los osteoclastos.
Descargas
Citas
Drackey JK. Biology of dairy cows during the transition period the final frontier? J Dairy Sci 1999;82:2259-2273.
Kimura K, Reinhardt TA, Goff JP. Parturition and hypocalcemia blunts calcium signals in immune cells of dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2006;89:2588-2595.
Martinez N, Sinedino LDP, Bisinotto RS, Ribeiro ES, Gomes GC, Lima FS, et al. Effect of induced subclinical hypocalcemia on physiological responses and neutrophil function in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014;97:874-887.
Horst RL, Reinhardt TA. Vitamin D metabolism in ruminants and its relevance to the periparturient cow. J Dairy Sci 1983;66:661-678.
Goff JP. Calcium and magnesium disorders. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2014;30:359-381.
Moseley JM, Kubota M, Diefenbach-Jagger H, Wetthenhall RE, Kemp BE, Suva LJ, et al. Parathyroid hormone-related protein purified from a human lung cancer cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987;84:5048-5052.
Horseman ND, Hernandez LL. New concepts of breast cell communication to bone. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014;25:34-41.
Saris NE, Carafoli E. A historical review of cellular calcium handing, with emphasis of mitochondria. Biochem (Mosc) 2005;70:187-194.
Parekh AB. Cell biology. Cracking the calcium entry code. Nature 2006;441:163-165.
Vig M, Kinet JP. Calcium signal in immune cell. Nat Immunol 2009;10:21-27.
Goff JP. Treatment of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium balance disorders. Vet Clin North Am Food Animal Pract 1999;15:619-639.
Martinez N, Risco CA, Lima FS, Bisinotto RS, Greco LF, Ribeiro ES, et al. Evaluation of peripartal calcium status, energetic profile, and neutrophil function in dairy cows at low or high risk of developing uterine diseases. J Dairy Sci 2012;95:7158-7172.
Doehring C, Sundrum A. The informative value of an overview on antibiotic consumption, treatment efficacy and cost of clinical mastitis at farm level. Prevent Vet Med 2019;165:63-70.
Goff JP. The monitoring, prevention, and treatment of milk fever and subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows. Vet J 2008;176:50-57.
DeGaris PJ, Lean IJ. Milk fever in dairy cows: a review of pathophysiology and control principles. The Vet J 2008;176(1):58-69.
Goff JP, Horst RL. Effects of addition of potassium or sodium, but not calcium, to prepartum rations on milk fever in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1997;80:176-186.
Esslemont RJ, Kossaibati MA. Incidence of production diseases and other health problems in a group of dairy herds in England. Vet Rec 1996;139:486-490.
Hansen SS, Ersboll AK, Blom JY, Jorgensen RJ. Preventive strategies and risk factors for milk fever in Danish dairy herds a questionnaire survey. Prev Vet Med 2007;80:271-286.
Mulligan FJ, Doherty ML. Production diseases of the transition cow. The Vet J 2008;176(1):3-9.
Reinhardt TA, Lippolis JD, McCluskey BJ, Goff JP, Horst RL. Prevalence of subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy herds. Vet J 2011;188:122-124.
Bhanugopan MS, Lievaart J. Survey on the occurrence of milk fever in dairy cows and the current preventive strategies adopted by farmers in New South Wales, Australia. Aust Vet J 2014;92:200-205.
Ducusin RJ, Uzuka Y, Satoh E, Otani M, Nishimura M, Tanabe S, Sarashina T. Effects of extracellular Ca2+ on phagocytosis and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in polymorphonuclear leukocytes of postpartum dairy cows. Res Vet 2003;75:27-32.
Curtis RA, Erb HN, Sniffen CJ, Smith RD, Powers PA, Smith MC, White ME, Hillman RB, Pearson EJ. Association of parturient hypocalcemia with eight periparturient disorders in Holstein cows. JAVMA 1983;183:559-561.
Curtis RA, Erb HN, Sniffen CJ, Smith RD, Kronfeld DS. Path analysis of dry period nutrition, postpartum metabolic and reproductive disorders, and mastitis in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 1985;68:2347-2360.
Goff JP, Horst RL. Physiological changes at parturition and their relationship to metabolic disorders. J Dairy Sci 1997;80:1260-1268.
Mulligan FJ, O’Grady L, Rice DA, Doherty ML. A herd health approach to dairy cow nutrition and production diseases of the transition cow. Anim Reprod Sci 2006;96(3-4):331-353.
Horst RL, Goff JP, McCluskey B. Prevalence of sub-clinical hypocalcemia in US dairy operations. US Departament of Agriculture (USDA) Agr Res Serv. Washington, DC. 2003a.
Horst RL, Goff JP, McCluskey BJ. Prevalence of subclinical hypocalcemia in US dairy operations. J Dairy Sci 2003b;86 (Suppl 1):247.
Guard CL. Fresh cow problems are costly: culling hurts the most. Hoard’s Dairyman 1996;141:8-11.
Chapinal N, Carson ME, LeBlank SJ, Leslie KE, Godden S, Capel M, Santos JE, Overton MW, Duffield TF. The association of serum metabolites in the transition period with milk production and early-lactation reproductive performance. J Dairy Sci 2012;95:1301-1309.
Chapinal N, Carson M, Duffield TF, Capel M, Godden S, Overton M, Santos JE, LeBlank SJ. The association of serum metabolites with clinical disease during the transition period. J Dairy Sci 2011;94:4897-4903.
Daniel RCW. Motility of the rumen and abomasum during hypocalcemia. Can J Comp Med 1983;47:276-280.
Martinez N, Sinedino LDP, Bisinotto RS, Ribeiro ES, Gomes GC, Lima FS, et al. Effect of induced subclinical hypocalcemia on physiological responses and neutrophil function in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014;97(2):874-887.
Martinez N, Rodney RM, Block E, Hernandez LL, Nelson CD, Lean IJ, Santos JEP. Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference and source of vitamin D in dairy cows: Health and reproductive responses. J Dairy Sci 2018;101:2563-2578.
Hayirili A. The role of exogenous insulin in the complex of hepatic lipidosis and ketosis associated with insulin resistance phenomenon in postpartum dairy cattle. Vet Res Commun 2006;30:749-774.
Witzel DA, Littledike ET. Suppression of insulin secretion during induced hypocalcemia. Endocrinol 1973;93:761-766.
Rorsman P, Braun M, Zhang Q. Regulation of calcium in pancreatic α- and β-cells in health and disease. Cell Calcium 2012;51(3-4):300-308.
Spain J, Vogel RJ, Sampson JD. The effects of supplemental anionic salt fed during the periparturient period: Implications of milk production and feed intake for high producing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2004;87(Suppl 1):345.
Chamberlin WG, Middleton JR, Spain JN, Johnson GC, Ellersieck MR, Pithua P. Subclinical hypocalcemia, plasma biochemical parameters, lipid metabolism, postpartum disease, and fertility in postparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2013;96(11):7001-7013.
Bréchard S, Tschirhart EJ. Regulation of superoxide production in neutrophils: role of calcium influx. J Leuk Biol 2008;84(5):1223-1237.
Burgos RA, Conejeros I, Hidalgo MA, Werling D, Hermosilla C. Calcium influx, a new potential therapeutic target in the control of neutrophil-dependent inflammatory diseases in bovines. Veterin Immunol Immunopathol 2011;143(1-2):1-10.
Cohen MS. Molecular events in the activation of human neutrophils for microbial killing. Clin Infect Dis 1994;18:S170-S179.
Quah BJ, Parish CR. New and improved methods for measuring lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo using CFSE-like fluorescent dyes. J Immunol Meth 2012;379(1-2):1-14.
Rainard P, Roillet C. Innate immunity of the bovine mammary gland. Vet Res 2006;37: 369-400.
Suriyasathaporn W, Daemen AJ, Noordhuizen-Stassen EN, Dieleman SJ, Nielen M, Schukken YH. β-hydroxibutirate levels in peripheral blood and ketone bodies supplemented in culture media affect the in vitro chemiotaxis of bovine leukocytes. Vet Immunol Immunopath 1999;68:177-186.
Ribeiro ES, Lima FS, Greco LF, Bisinotto RS, Monteiro AP, Favoreto M, et al. Prevalence of periparturient diseases and effects of fertility of seasonality calving grassing dairy cows supplemented with concentrates. J Dairy Sci 2013;96:5682-5697.
Sordillo LM, Shafer-Weaver K, DeRosa D. Immunology of the mammary gland. J Dairy Sci 1997;80:1851-1865.
Kasimanickam R, Duffield T, Foster R, Gartey C, Leslie K, Walton J, Johnson W. Endometrial cytology and ultrasonography for the detection of subclinical endometritis in postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology 2004;62:9-26.
Dobson H, Walker SL, Morris MJ, Routly JE, Smith RF. Why is it getting more difficult to successfully artificially inseminate dairy cows? Animal 2008;2(8):1104-1111.
Santos J, Bisinotto R, Ribeiro E, Lima F, Greco L, Staples C, Thatcher W. Applying nutrition and physiology to improve reproduction in dairy cattle. Soc Reprod Fertil 2010;67(Suppl):387-403.
Galvao K, Felippe M, Britttin S, Sper R, Fraga M, Galvao J, Caixeta L, Guard C, Ricci A, Gilbert R. Evaluation of cytokine expression by blood monocytes of lactating Holstein cows with or without postpartum uterine diseases. Theriogenology 2012;77:356-372.
Benzanquen ME, Risco CA, Archbald LF, Melendez P, Thatcher MJ, Thatcher WW. Rectal temperature, calving-related factors, and their incidence of puerperal metritis in postpartum dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2007;90:2804-2814.
Sheldon IM, Lewis GS, LeBlanc S, Gilbert RO. Defining postpartum uterine diseases in cattle. Theriogenology 2006;65:1516-1530.
Sheldon IM, Wathers DC, Dobson H. The management of bovine reproduction in elite herds. Vet J 2006;171:70-78.
Arechiga CF, Ortiz O, Hansen PJ. Effect of prepartum injection of vitamin E and selenium on postpartum reproductive function of dairy cattle. Theriogenology 1994;41(6):1251-1258.
Földi J, Kulcsar M, Pecsi A, Huyghe B, De Sa C, Lohuis J, Cox P, Huezenicza G. Bacterial complication of postpartum uterine involution in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2006;96:265-281.
Kimura K, Goff JP, Kehrli ME Jr, Reinhardt TA. Decreased neutrophil function as a cause of retained placenta in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2002;85:544-550.
Gunnink JW. Pre-partum leucocytic activity and retained placenta. Vet Q 1984;6:52-54.
Kelton DF, Lissemore KD, Martin RE. Recommendations for recording and calculating the incidence of selected clinical diseases of dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 1998;81:2502-2509.
Sheldon IM, Dobson H. Postpartum uterine health in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2004;82/83:295-306.
Bruun J, Ersboll AK, Alban L. Risk factors for metritis in Danish dairy cows. Prev Vet Med 2002;54:179-190.
Bajcsy AC, Szenci O, Doornenbal A, van der Weijden GC, Csorba C, Kocsis L. Szucs I, Ostgard S, Taverne AM. Characteristics of bovine early puerperal uterine contractility recorder under farm conditions. Theriogenology 2005;64:99-111.
Burton MJ, Dziuk HE, Fahning ML, Zemjanis R. Myometrial activity during natural and dexamethasone-induced parturition in the cow. Am J Vet Res 1987;48:37-44.
Gajewski Z, Thun R, Faundez R, Boryczko Z. Uterine motility in the cow during puerperium. Reprod Domest Anim 1999;34:185-191.
Paisley LG, Mickelsen WD, Anderson PB. Mechanisms and therapy for retained fetal membranes and uterine infection of cows: a review. Theriogenology 1986;25:353-381.
Kamgarpour R, Daniel RCW, Fenwick DC, McGuigan K, Murphy G. Postpartum subclinical hypocalcemia and effects on ovarian function and uterine involution in a dairy herd. Vet J 1999;158:59-67.
Lewis GS. Uterine health and disorders. J Dairy Sci 1997;80:984-994.
Al-Eknah MM, Noakes DE. A preliminary study on the effect of induced hypocalcemia and nifedipine on uterine activity in the parturient cow. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1989;12:237-239.
Martin LR, Williams WF, Russek E, Gross TS. Postpartum uterine motility measurement in dairy cows retaining their fetal membranes. Theriogenology 1981;15:513-524.
Peter AT, Bosu WTK, Lucker CV. Plasma endotoxin and concentrations of stable metabolites of prostacyclin thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin E2 in postpartum dairy cows. Prostaglandins 1987;34:15-28.
Peter AT, Bosu WTK, Gilbert RO. Absorption of E coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) from the uteri of postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology 1990;33:1011-1020.
Dohmen MJW, Joop K, Sturk A, Bols PEJ, Lohuis JACM. Relationship between intrauterine bacterial contamination, endotoxin levels and the development of endometritis in postpartum cows with dystocia or retained placenta. Theriogenology 2000;54:1019-1032.
Mateus L, Lope de Costa L, Diniz P, Ziecik AJ. Relationship between endotoxin and prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGFM) concentrations and ovarian function in dairy cows with puerperal endometritis. Anim Reprod Sci 2003;76:143-154.
Hussain AM, Daniel RCW, O’Boyle D. Postpartum uterine flora following normal and abnormal puerperium cows. Theriogenology 1990;34:291-302.
Elliot L, McMahon KJ, Gier HT, Marion GB. Uterus of the cow after parturition: bacterial content. Am J Vet Res 1968;29:77-81.
Cai TQ, Weston P, Lund LA, Brodie B, McKenna D, Wanger WC. Association between neutrophil functions and periparturient disorders in cows. Am J Vet Res 1994;55:934-943.
Lewis GS. Steroidal regulation of uterine immune defenses. Anim Reprod Sci 2004;82/83:281-294.
Bondurant RH. Inflammation in the bovine reproductive tract. J Dairy Sci 1999;82(Suppl 2):101-110.
Mateus L, Lope de Costa L, Robalo Silvia J. Influence of puerperal uterine infection on uterine involution and postpartum ovarian activity in dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2002;37:31-35.
Kim IH, Na KJ, Yang MP. Immune response during the peripartum period in dairy cows with postpartum endometritis. J Reprod Dev 2005;51:757-764.
Hammon DS, Evjen IM, Dhiman TR, Goff JP, Walters JL. Neutrophil function and energy status in Holstein cows with uterine health disorders. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006;113:21-29.
Sheldon IM, Noakes DE, Rycroft AN, Pfeiffer DU, Dobson H. Influence of uterine bacterial contamination after parturition on ovarian dominant follicle selection and follicle growth and function in cattle. Reproduction 2002;123:837-845.
Zadoks R. Understanding the sources, transmission routes and prognoses for mastitis pathogens. WCDS Adv Dairy Technol 2014;26:91-100.
Smith KL, Hogan JS. Environmental mastitis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 1993;9:489-498.
Hogan J, Smith KL. Coliform mastitis. Vet Res 2003;34:507-519.
Seegers H, Fourichon C, Beaudeau F. Production effects related to mastitis and mastitis economics in dairy cattle herds. Vet Res 2003;34(5):475-491.
Muñoz MA, Welcome FL, Schukken YH, Zadoks RN. Molecular epidemiology of two Klebsiella pneumonia mastitis outbreaks on a diary farm in New York State. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45:3964-3971.
Craven N. Do rising fat-globules assist microbial invasion via the teat duct between milking? Kieler Milch Forschung 1985;37:554-558.
Craven N, Williams MR. Defenses of the bovine mammary gland against infection and prospects for their enhancement. Vet Immunol Immunophatol 1985;10:71-127.
Riollet C, Rainard P, Poutrel B. Cells and cytokines in inflammatory secretions of bovine mammary gland. Biol Mamm Gland 2000;480:247-258.
Kelley J, Walter L, Trowsdale J. Comparative genomics of natural killer cell receptor gene clusters. PLoS Genetics 2005;1:129-139.
O’Connor GM, Hart OM, Gardiner CM. Putting the natural killer cells in its place. Immunol 2006;117:1-10.
Werling D, Piercy J, Coffey TJ. Expression of TOLL-like receptors (TLR) by bovine antigen-presenting cells-potential role in pathogen discrimination? Vet Immunol Immunopath 2006;112:2-11.
Schultze WD, Bright SC. Changes in penetrability of bovine papillary duct to endotoxin after milking. Am J Vet Res 1983;44(12):2373-2375.
Goff JP, Horst RL, Jardon PW, Borelli C, Wedam J. Field trails of an oral calcium propionate paste as an aid to prevent milk fever in periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1996;79:378-383.
Harmon RJ, Newbould FHS. Neutrophil leukocyte as a source of lactoferrin in bovine milk. Am J Vet Res 1980;41:1603-1606.
Rainard P. Bacteriostasis of Escherichia coli by bovine lactoferrin, transferrin and immunoglobulins (IgG1, IgG2, IgM) acting alone or in combination. Vet Microbiol 1986;11:103-115.
Olever SP, Bouche T. Growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonae during involution of the bovine mammary gland: relation to secretion composition. Am J Vet Res 1987;48:1669-1673.
Legrand D, Elass E, Pierce A, Mazurier L. Lactoferrin and host defence: an overview of its immune-modulating and anti-inflammatory properties. Biometals 2004;17:225-229.
Smith KL, Schanbacher FL. Lactoferrin as a factor of resistance to infection of the bovine mammary gland. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1977;170:1224-1227.
Rainard P. Bacterioestatic activity of bovine milk lactoferrin against mastitic bacteria. Vet Microbiol 1986;11:387-392.
Orsi N. The antimicrobial activity of lactoferrin: current status and prespectives. Biometals 2004;17:189-196.
Horst RL, Jorgensen NA. Elevated plasma cortisol during induced and spontaneous hypocalcemia in ruminants. J Dairy Sci 1982;65(12):2332-2337.
Kehril ME Jr, Nonnecke BJ, Roth JA. Alterations in bovine lymphocyte function during periparturient period. Am J Vet Res 1989;50:215-220.
Bradley A. Bovine mastitis: an evolving disease. Vet J 2002;164:116-128.
White LJ, Lam TJGM, Schukken YH, Green LE, Medley GF, Chappell MJ. The transmission and control of mastitis in dairy cows: a theoretical approach. Prev Vet Med 2006;74(1):67-83.
Halasa T, Huijps K, Østerås O, Hogeveen H. Economic effects of bovine mastitis and mastitis management: a review. Vet Quart 2007;29(1):18-31.
Venjakob PL, Borchardt S, Heuwieser W. Hypocalcemia-Cow-level prevalence and preventive strategies in German dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2017;100(11):9258-9266. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-12494.
Contreras GA, Rodriguez JM. Mastitis: comparative etiology and epidemiology. J Mamm Gl Biol Neoplasia 2011;16:339-356.
Goff JP, Horst RL. Oral administration of calcium salts for treatment of hypocalcemia in cattle. J Dairy Sci 1993;76:101-108.
Goff JP, Horst RL. Calcium salts for treating hypocalcemia: carrier effects, acid-base balance, and oral versus rectal administration. J Dairy Sci 1994;77:1451-1456.
Thilsing-Hansen T, Jorgensen RJ, Ostergaard S. Milk fever control and principles: a review. Acta Vet Scand 2002;43:1-19.
Curtis RA, Cote JF, McLennan MC, Smart JF, Rowe RC. Relationship of methods of treatment of relapse rate and serum levels of calcium and phosphorus in parturient hypocalcemia. Can Vet J 1978;19:155-158.
Littledike ET, Glazier D, Cook HM. Electrocardiographic changes after induced hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia in cattle: reversal of the induced arrhythmia with atropine. Am J Vet Res 1976;37(4):383-388.
Doze JG, Donders R, van der Kolk JH. Effects of intravenous administration of two volumes of calcium solution on plasma ionized calcium concentration and recovery from naturally occurring hypocalcemia in lactating dairy cows. Am J Vet Res 2008;69:1346-1350.
Oetzel GR, Olson JO, Cartis CR, Fettmen M. Ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate for prevention of parturient paresis in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1988;71:3302-3309.
Tucker WB, Houge JF, Waterman DF, Swenson TS, Xing Z. Role of sulfur and chloride in the dietary cation-anion balance equation for lactating dairy cattle. J Anim Sci 1991;69:1205-1213.
Moore SJ, Vandehaar MG, Sharma BK. Effects of altering dietary cation-anion difference on calcium and energy metabolism in peripartal cows. J Dairy Sci 2000;83:2095-2104.
Oetzel GR, Miller BE. Effect of oral calcium bolus supplementation on early lactation health and milk yield in commercial dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2012;95:7051-7065.
Horst RL, Goff JP, Reinhardt TA, Buxton DR. Strategies for preventing milk fever in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 1997;80:1269-1280.
Block E. Manipulation of dietary cation-anion difference on nutritionally related production diseases, productivity, and metabolic responses of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1994;77:1437-1450.
Block E. Manipulating dietary cations and anions for prepartum dairy cows to reduce incidence of milk fever. J Dairy Sci 1984;67:2939-2948.
Goff JP. The monitoring, prevention, and treatment of milk fever and subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows. The Vet J 2008;176(1):50-57.
Goff JP, Koszewski NJ. Comparison of 0.46% calcium diets with and without added anions with a 0.7% calcium anionic diet as a means to reduce periparturient hypocalcemia. J Dairy Sci 2018;101(6):5033-5045.
Muhammad SH, Muhammad AS, Mahr-Un-Nisa, Muhammad S. Dietary cation anion difference: impact on reproductive and productive performance in animal agriculture. Afr J Biotechnol 2010;9:7976-7988.
Goff JP, Horst RL. Role of acid-bas physiology on the pathogenesis of parturient hypocalcemina (milk fever)-the DECAD theory in principal and practice. Acta Vet Scand 2003;97:51-56.
Rodney RM, Martinez N, Block E, Hernandez LL, Celi P, Nelson CD, Santos EP, Lean IJ. Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference and source of vitamin D in dairy cows: vitamin D, mineral, and bone metabolism. J Dairy Sci 2018;101:2519-2543.
Nagy O, Kovác G, Seidel H, Weissová T. The effect of arterial blood sampling sites on blood gases and acid-base balance parameters in calves. Acta Vet Hung 2001;49:331-340.
Whiting SJ, Drapper HH. Effect of a chronic acid load as sulfate or sulfur amino acid on bone metabolism in adult rats. J Nutr 1981;111:1721-1726.
Horst RL, Littledike ET, Patridge TA. Plasma concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxivitamin D, 1,24R,25-trihydroxivitamin D3 and 1,25,26-trihydroxivitamin D3 after administration to dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1983;66:1455-1460.
Gaynor PJ, Mueller FJ, Miller JK, Ramsey N, Goff JF, Horst RL. Parturient hypocalcemia in Jersey cows fed alfalfa haylage based-based diets with different cation to anion ratios. J Dairy Sci 1989;72:2525-2531.
Goff JP, Horst RL, Mueller FJ, Miller JK, Kiess GA, Dowlen HH. Addition of chloride to a prepartal diet high in cations increases 1,25-dihidroxivitamin response to hypocalcemina preventing milk fever. J Dairy Sci 1991;74:3863-3871.
Lean IJ, DeGaris PJ, McNeil DM, Block E. Hypocalcemia in dairy cows: meta-analysis and dietary cation anion difference theory revisited. J Dairy Sci 2006;89(2):669-684.
Lean IJ, Santos JEP, Block E, Golder HM Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference intake on production and health of dairy cows: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2019;102(3):2013-2133.
Santos JEP, Lean IJ, Golder H, Block E. Meta-analysis of the effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference on performance and health of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019;102(3):2134-2154.
Charbonneau E, Pellerin D, Oetzel GR. Impact of lowering dietary cation-anion difference in nonlactating dairy cows: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2006;89(2):537-548.
Goff JP. The monitoring, prevention, and treatment of milk fever and subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows. The Vet J 2008;176(1):50-57.
Horst RL. Regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in the dairy cow. J Dairy Sci 1986;69(2):604-616.
Braithwaite GD. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in ruminants with special reference to parturient paresis. J Dairy Res 1976;43(3):501-520.
Wasserman RH, Fullmer CS. Vitamin D and intestinal calcium transport: facts, speculations and hypotheses. The Journal of Nutrition 1995;125(suppl 7):1971S-1979S.
Sampson JD, Spain JN, Jones C, Castensen L. Effects of calcium chloride and calcium sulfate in an oral bolus given as a supplement to postpartum dairy cows. Vet Ther 2009;10:131-139.
Wang L, Erlandsen H, Haavik J, Knappskog PM, Stevens RC. Three-dimensional structure of human tryptophan hydroxylase and its implications for the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin. Biochem 2002;41:12569-12574.
Ormsbee HS, Fondacaro JD. Action of serotonin on the gastrointestinal tract. Proc Exp Biol Med 1985;178:333-338.
Berger M, Gray JA, Roth BL. The expanded biology of serotonin. Annu Rev Med 2009;60:1514-1529.
Wysolmerski JJ. Parathyroid hormone-related protein: an uptake. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:2947-2952.
Wyler SC, Lord CC, Lee S, Elmqist JK. Liu C. Serotonergic control of metabolic homeostasis. Front Cell Neurosci 2017;11:277.
Hernandez LL, Limesand SW, Collier JL, Horseman ND, Collier RJ. The bovine mammary gland expressed multiple functional isoforms of serotonin receptors. J Endocrinol 2009;203:123-131.
Hernandez LL, Gregerson KA, Horseman ND. Mammary gland serotonin regulates parathyroid hormone-related protein and other bone-related signals. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012;302:E1009-1015.
Matsuda M, Imaoka T, Vomachka AJ, Gudelsky GA, Hou Z, Mistry M, Bailey JP, Nieport KM, Walter DJ, Bader M, Horseman ND. Serotonin regulated mammary gland development via an autocrine- paracrine loop. Dev Cell 2004;6:193-203.
Weaver SR, Prichard AP, Endres EL, Newhouse SA, Peters PL, Crump PM, Akins MS, Crenshau TD, Bruckmaier RM, Hernandez-Castelam LL. Elevates of circulating serotonin improves calcium dynamics in the prepartum dairy cows. J Endocrinol 2016;230:105-123.
Weaver SR, Jury NJ, Gregerson KA, Horseman ND, Hernandez L. Characterization of mammary-specific disruptions for Tph1 and Lrp5 during murine lactation. Scientific Reports 2017;7:151-155.
Hernández-Castellano LE, Hernandez LL, Sauerwein H, Bruckmaier RM. Endocrine and metabolic changes in transition dairy cows are affected by prepartum infusion of a serotonin precursor. J Dairy Sci 2017;100(6):5050-5057.
Hernández-Castellano LE, Hernandez LL, Weaver S, Bruckmaier RM. Increased serum serotonin improves parturient calcium homeostasis in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017;100:1580-1587.
Laporta J, Peters TL, Weaver SR, Merriman KE, Hernandez LL. Feeding 5-hydorxi-l-tryptophan during transition from pregnancy to lactation increases calcium mobilization from the bone in rats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2013;44:176-184.
Laporta J, Moore SAE, Peters NW, Peters TL, Hernandez LL. Short communication: circulating serotonin (5-HT) concentrations on day 1 of lactation as a potential predictor of transition-related disorders. J Dairy Sci 2013;96:5146-5150.
Laporta J, Keil KP, Vezina CM, Hernandez LL. Peripheral serotonin regulates maternal calcium trafficking in mammary epithelial cells during lactation in mice. PloS One 2014a 9:E110190.
Laporta J, Keil KP, Weaver SR, Cronick CM, Prichard AP, Crenshaw TD, et al. Serotonin regulates calcium homeostasis in lactation by epigenetic activation of hedgehog signaling. Mol Endocrinol 2014;11:1866-1874.
Laporta J, Gross JJ, Creshaw TD, Bruckmaier RM, Hernandez LL. Short communication: Timing of first milking affects serotonin concentrations. J Dairy Sci 2014;97:2944-2948.
Laporta J, More SAE, Weaver SR, Cronick CM, Olsen M, Pichard AP, et al. Increasing serotonin (5-HT) alters calcium and energy metabolism in late-lactation dairy cows. J Endocrinol 2015;226:43-55.
VanHoulten JN, Dann P, McGeoch G, Browen EM. Calcium sensing receptor regulates mammary gland parathyroid hormone-related protein production and calcium transport. J Clin Invest 2004;113:598-608.
VanHoulten JN. Calcium sensing by the mammary gland. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2005;10:129-139.
Wysolmerski JJ. Interactions between breast, bone, and brain regulate mineral and skeletal metabolism during lactation. Ann NY Acad Sci 2010;1192:161-169.
Rakoupoulos M, Vargas SJ, Guillespie MT, Ho PW, Diefenbach-Jagger H, Leaver DD, et al. Production of parathyroid hormone-related protein by the rat mammary gland in pregnancy and lactation. Am J Physiol 1992;263:E1077-E1085.
Ratcliffe WA, Thompson GE, Care AD, Peaker M. Production of parathyroid hormone related protein by the mammary gland of the goat. J Endocrinol 1992;133:87-93.
Brown EM, Gamba G, Riccardi D, Lombardi M, Butters R, Kifor O, Sun A, Hediger MA, Litton J, Hebert SC. Cloning and characterization of an extracellular Ca(2+)-sensing receptor form bovine parathyroid. Nature 1993;366:575-580.
Hoffer AM, Brown EM. Extracellular calcium sensing and signaling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2003;4:530-538.
Brown EM, Conigrave AD. Regulation of cellular signal transduction pathway by extracellular calcium-sensing receptor. Curr Pharm Biol 2009;10:270-281.
Quinn SJ, Kifor O, Kifor I, Butters RR Jr. Role of the cytoskeleton in extracellular calcium-regulated PTH release. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 2007;354:8-13.
Brennan SC, Thiem U, Roth S, Agarwal A, Fetahu ISh, Tennakon S, et al. Calcium sensing receptor signaling in physiology and cancer. Biochem Biophys Acta 2013;1833:1732-1744.
Ardeshirpour L, Dann P, Polland M, Wysolmerski J, VanHulten J. The calcium-sensing receptor regulates PTHrP production and calcium transport in the lactating mammary gland. Bone 2006;38:787-793.
Suárez-Trujillo A, Argüello A, Rivero MA, Capote J, Castro N. Differences in distribution of serotonin receptor subtypes in the mammary gland of sheep, goats, and cows during lactation and involution. J Dairy Sci 2019;102(3):2703-2707.
More SA, Laporta J, Crenshaw TD, Hernandez LL. Plasma of circulating serotonin and related metabolites in multiparous dairy cows in the peripartum period. J Dairy Sci 2015;98:3754-3765.
Corbellini CN. Etiopatogenia e controle da hipocalcemia e hipomagnesemia em vacas leiteiras. Seminário internacional sobre deficiências minerais em ruminantes, 1998;28.
Beede DK, Wang C, Donovan GA, Archbald LF, Sanchez WK. Dietary cation-anion difference (electrolyte balance) in late pregnancy. In: Florida Dairy Production Conference Proc 1991:1-6.
Hernández EGS, Bouda J, Cecilio AA, Doubek J, Forero FHV. Efecto de la aplicación de prostaglandina F2α en las primeras horas posparto sobre las concentraciones séricas de calcio en vacas lecheras. Vet Méx 2014;1(2):1-13.
Albornoz L, Albornoz JP, Cruz JC, Fidalgo LE, Espino L, Morales, et al. Estudio comparativo de los niveles de calcio, fósforo y magnesio durante el periparto en vacas lecheras en diferentes sistemas de producción en Uruguay y España. Veterinaria (Montevideo), 2017;53(205):1-11.
Wittwer F, Heuer G, Contreras PA, Böhmwald TM. Valores bioquímicos clínicos sanguíneos de vacas cursando con decúbito en el sur de Chile. Arch Med Vet 1993;15:83-88.
Wagemann C, Wittwer F, Chihuailaf R, Noro M. Estudio retrospectivo de la prevalencia de desbalances minerales en grupos de vacas lecheras en el sur de Chile: a retrospective study. Arch Med Vet 2014;46(3):363-373.
Sánchez JM, Saborío-Montero A. Hipocalcemia e hipomagnesemia en un hato de vacas Holstein, Jersey y Guernsey en pastoreo. Agronom Costarric 2014;38(2):55-65.
Ceballos-Márquez A, Villa NA, Betancourth TE, Roncancio DV. Determinación de la concentración de calcio, fósforo y magnesio en el periparto de vacas lecheras en Manizales, Colombia. Rev Colomb Cienc Pec 2004;17(2):125-133.
Sánchez JM, Saborío-Montero A. Prevalencia de hipocalcemia en cuatro hatos Jersey en pastoreo en Costa Rica. Agronomía Costarricense 2014;38(2):33-41
Reinhardt TA, Lippolis JD, McCluskey BJ, Goff JP, Horst RL. Prevalence of subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy herds. The Vet J 2011;188(1):122-124.
Reyes C, Mellado M. Ocurrencia de desórdenes derivados del parto y mastitis en vacas Holstein, en función del número de partos y meses del año. Vet Méx 1994;25(2):133-135.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
-
Resumen1964
-
PDF7527
-
PDF 582
-
Texto completo681
Número
Sección
Licencia
Los autores/as que publiquen en la Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias aceptan las siguientes condiciones:
De acuerdo con la legislación de derechos de autor, la Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias reconoce y respeta el derecho moral de los autores/as, así como la titularidad del derecho patrimonial, el cual será cedido a la revista para su difusión en acceso abierto.
Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.
