Causas y consecuencias del cambio climático en la producción pecuaria y salud animal. Revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v11s2.4742Palabras clave:
cambio climático, enfermedades animales, producción pecuaria, medidas de adaptaciónResumen
La acumulación de gases de efecto invernadero en la atmosfera terrestre está ocasionando un cambio climático sin precedentes con graves implicaciones como, fenómenos meteorológicos extremos, cambios en la función y composición de los ecosistemas con la subsecuente diseminación o incremento de prevalencia de distintas enfermedades que afectan al hombre y a los animales. Debido a su importancia resulta relevante analizar el impacto del cambio climático en los sistemas de producción pecuarios, si se analiza la producción agropecuaria como un sistema en el que confluye lo social, ambiental y económico, los efectos del mismo tendrán un impacto directo en la organización social de las unidades de producción, en la seguridad alimentaria y en la salud animal/humana. Un área que requiere especial atención es precisamente la salud animal, la emergencia y reemergencia de enfermedades vectoriales en numerosas regiones del planeta constituye un claro ejemplo de asociación entre cambio climático y efectos sobre la interfaz de la salud humana/animal, las afectaciones a la salud animal pueden obedecer a múltiples factores sociales y medioambientales provocando las llamadas “enfermedades de la producción”, estos factores influencian la aparición de enfermedades emergentes, sin embargo, cada región y cada sistema de producción tiene sus propias vulnerabilidades, estos aspectos deben tomarse en cuenta para diseñar mapas de riesgos locales y regionales; así como diseñar, instrumentar y socializar eficientemente procesos de manejo de riesgos ante enfermedades.
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