La citometría de flujo, un universo de posibilidades en el ámbito veterinario. Revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v13i3.5985Palabras clave:
Citometría de flujo, Inmunofenotipo, Viabilidad, Muerte celular, Análisis de DNA, CitocinasResumen
La citometría de flujo es una tecnología que ha favorecido el rápido avance de muchas y muy diversas áreas de la ciencia, ya que permite la medición simultánea de múltiples características de cada una de las partículas o células individuales que se encuentran en una muestra mientras pasan a gran velocidad a través de una zona iluminada por uno o varios láseres. La información obtenida incluye datos sobre el tamaño y la complejidad interna, así como otros parámetros inherentes a cada una de las partículas presentes en la muestra, los cuales son captados por el equipo como señales luminosas. Las partículas más comúnmente analizadas en los citómetros de flujo son células, así que puede analizarse la expresión de moléculas tanto en su superficie como en su interior, la viabilidad, la funcionalidad, la proliferación celular, el contenido de ADN y la producción de citocinas entre muchas otras. Estas determinaciones pueden realizarse gracias a la utilización de anticuerpos acoplados a fluorocromos o bien, al uso de moléculas cuya fluorescencia depende de la característica que se quiera evaluar. Algunos citómetros de flujo son además clasificadores (“sorters”), lo que implica que el equipo puede separar físicamente las células que presentan las características de interés y además, es factible que una vez que han sido purificadas, éstas puedan emplearse en posteriores experimentos. En esta revisión se concentran los fundamentos de la citometría de flujo y sus principales aplicaciones, las cuales ofrecen una gran ventana de oportunidad en el ámbito veterinario, tanto en investigación como en la clínica.
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