Modification of a guanidinium thiocyanate to extract DNA from semen for genomic analysis in mammals

Abstract

The genomic and transcriptomic analyses for selection and genetic improvement require DNA or RNA of hig concentration and purity, coming from different tissues, including semen. The DNA may be from hair, saliva, cartilage, blood, or semen. The methods usually used to extract DNA from semen have low efficiency in terms of quantity and quality. This is due to the solvents and dilutors used for semen conservation, physical and chemical characteristics of sperms, and non-cellular fraction of ejaculate. In this study, modifications to the guanidinium thiocyanate method are proposed, including a second washing of the sample using a phosphate buffer solution, and two washing with organic solvents, one strong (phenol:chloroform:Isoamyl alcohol), and one weak (chloroform:isoamyl alcohol), to get rid of the protein and dilutors present in the sample. Additionally, it is proposed a separate incubation with RNA-ase to reduce contamination of nucleic acids during measurement and dilution preparation for PCR amplification. The precipitation added to the isopropanol of the original method 3 M sodium acetate to separate the residuals of potential PCR inhibitors. Finally, there were included high-speed centrifugation and decantation to avoid the need for mechanical separation of the DNA and protein. The DNA extracted with the modified method did not present degradation, and the quality and quantity were better (P<0.0001) than the original, with a mean of 1.84±0.09 in the range of 260/ 280 and 156.99±7.29 ng/l for concentration. The present method of extraction is a viable low-cost alternative to obtain DNA from semen with the necessary characteristics for genomic analysis in mammals.

The genomic and transcriptomic analyses for selection and genetic improvement require DNA or RNA of hig concentration and purity, coming from different tissues, including semen. The DNA may be from hair, saliva, cartilage, blood, or semen. The methods usually used to extract DNA from semen have low efficiency in terms of quantity and quality. This is due to the solvents and dilutors used for semen conservation, physical and chemical characteristics of sperms, and non-cellular fraction of ejaculate. In this study, modifications to the guanidinium thiocyanate method are proposed, including a second washing of the sample using a phosphate buffer solution, and two washing with organic solvents, one strong (phenol:chloroform:Isoamyl alcohol), and one weak (chloroform:isoamyl alcohol), to get rid of the protein and dilutors present in the sample. Additionally, it is proposed a separate incubation with RNA-ase to reduce contamination of nucleic acids during measurement and dilution preparation for PCR amplification. The precipitation added to the isopropanol of the original method 3 M sodium acetate to separate the residuals of potential PCR inhibitors. Finally, there were included high-speed centrifugation and decantation to avoid the need for mechanical separation of the DNA and protein. The DNA extracted with the modified method did not present degradation, and the quality and quantity were better (P<0.0001) than the original, with a mean of 1.84±0.09 in the range of 260/ 280 and 156.99±7.29 ng/l for concentration. The present method of extraction is a viable low-cost alternative to obtain DNA from semen with the necessary characteristics for genomic analysis in mammals.