Genes with major effect on fertility in sheep. Review
Keywords:
Fecundity genes, BMP-15, BMPRIB, ALK6, ESR, Inhibin, MTNR1, PRLRAbstract
The genetic study on sheep breeds with naturally high ovulation rate (OR) and prolificacy, has allowed to detect theparticipation of several genes. Among them there are the ones related to the transforming growth factor-betasuperfamily (BMPRIB, GDF9 and BMP-15), as well as to other genes with major effect, such as the distal-lesshomeobox 3’ (FecL), estrogen receptor (ESR), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and inhibin receptor (INHA and INHB).However, sheep homozygous for the majority of the allelic variants in BMP-15 or GDF9 are sterile, for which it isimportant the understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of these polymorphisms, for their use in rationalprograms of genetic improvement on prolificacy. Polymorphism in the melatonin gene (MTNR1) has been associatedwith non-reproductive seasonality in sheep. Selecting several sheep breeds for these characteristics has significantlyreduced the seasonal anoestrus, showing reproductive activity during spring and summer. It seems that these genesin some breeds may be interacting additively and an allelic variant in a breed may not be present in other, or twobe present at the same time; therefore, the understanding of the genetic mechanisms that affect ovulation rate andprolificacy are important for the selection of reproductive traits.
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