Tasa de preñez post vitrificación en los embriones de équidos producidos in vivo. Revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v11i4.5437Keywords:
Yeguas, Burras, Embrión, Criopreservación, Vitrificación, Tasa de preñezAbstract
La vitrificación es un método de criopreservación que se utiliza a menudo con los embriones que se obtienen de yeguas o de burras. Consiste en la drástica reducción de la temperatura a niveles cercanos a los -196 °C lo cual causa que la solución criopreservadora que contiene el embrión pase del estado líquido al vítreo. Varias mejoras en los protocolos de vitrificación han hecho posible criopreservar embriones de diferentes tamaños. Los embriones recolectados al sexto día después de la ovulación (DO) suelen tener un diámetro menor o igual a 300 micrómetros (≤300 µmØ) y se pueden vitrificar de forma rutinaria siguiendo protocolos simples. Las tasas de preñez post vitrificación (TPPV) son más altas con embriones pequeños que con los grandes (˃300 µmØ). Las TPPV elevadas en los embriones ≤300 µmØ se debe a que la cápsula embrionaria (CE) aún no está completamente desarrollada y desde luego tiene una alta permeabilidad a las soluciones criopreservadoras. Los embriones recolectados en el séptimo u octavo día DO son ˃300 µmØ y se caracterizan por tener una baja supervivencia post vitrificación. Para aumentar la TPPV con los embriones ˃300 µmØ se puede perforar la CE para hacerla más permeable a las soluciones criopreservadoras, reducir su tamaño aspirando el fluido del blastocele e inducir un alto índice de transferencia de temperatura para alcanzar con más rapidez la vitrificación a los -196 °C.
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