Ruminal fermentation modification and methanogenesismitigation by essential oils from plants. Review
Keywords:
Essential oils, Methane, RuminantsAbstract
Methane production in ruminant livestock systems has been controlled traditionally through antibiotic use. However,these have been banned in Europe since 2006 and will soon be banned on other continents. In response, researchhas focused on identifying synthetic and natural compounds with antimicrobial properties that do not fostermicroorganism resistance. Plant secondary components such as essential oils are receiving increasing attention. Todate, only 70 essential oils and their main active principles have been tested to determine their effect onruminal fermentation modification and/or methane mitigation. Most studies addressing these phenomena havebeen in vitro, and some report significant modification and/or mitigation action. In vivo studies includingproductive parameters have only recently been carried out. An overview is done of in vitro and in vivo researchinto the effects of essential oils on the main parameters of ruminal fermentation, methane mitigation, productionperformance and immune condition, and suggestions made for future research.
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