Progesterona y respuesta de estrés: mecanismos de acción y sus repercusiones en rumiantes domésticos. Revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v7i2.4173Palabras clave:
Destete artificial, Temperamento, Esquila preparto, Neurosteroides, UnguladosResumen
En roedores, los tratamientos con progesterona (P4) reducen la respuesta de estrés o ansiedad a través de la acción de algunos metabolitos de la P4 (allopregnanolona y pregnanolona). Aunque existen pocos trabajos que hayan estudiado estos efectos en rumiantes, los tratamientos con P4 tienen una gran potencialidad para su aplicación práctica en sistemas productivos. El objetivo de esta revisión fue sintetizar información básica sobre la respuesta de estrés y los principales mecanismos estudiados en roedores, por los que la P4 mitiga la respuesta de estrés. Además, se presenta información primaria sobre los efectos del tratamiento con P4 en el comportamiento reactivo y la respuesta de estrés en rumiantes. Se muestran los efectos del tratamiento con P4 sobre la respuesta de estrés al destete en ovejas, y sobre algunas pruebas de temperamento en terneras. También se presenta información sobre el estrés de la esquila en ovejas gestadas, y por tanto con altas concentraciones séricas de P4. En síntesis, altas concentraciones de P4 reducen la respuesta de estrés, y pueden generar cambios en el comportamiento reactivo de los animales. Sin embargo, para que el tratamiento con P4 o sus concentraciones endógenas sean utilizados como herramienta práctica durante manejos estresantes, o como un factor a ser considerado a la hora de seleccionar animales por temperamento, es necesario realizar más estudios aplicados.
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