El nematodo Caenorhabditis elegans como modelo para evaluar el potencial antihelmíntico de extractos de plantas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v8i3.4504Palabras clave:
Resistencia, Antihelmínticos, Caenorhabditis elegans, Extractos de plantas, Conocimiento tradicional.Resumen
Los nematodos parásitos afectan la productividad pecuaria, dando lugar a pérdidas económicas considerables. Sin embargo, son pocos los antihelmínticos disponibles en el mercado y la resistencia de los parásitos a los existentes va en incremento, por lo que su control es actualmente ineficiente. En este sentido, la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias para controlar la parasitosis es una necesidad actual. Una posibilidad para el control estriba en la investigación de metabolitos derivados de plantas, ya que el conocimiento sobre su uso tradicional es un referente de inicio. Sin embargo, la eficacia antihelmíntica, así como los mecanismos de acción de plantas con uso tradicional como anti-parasitarios, poco se han investigado científicamente, y en la mayoría de los casos se desconocen los compuestos activos responsables del efecto anti-parasitario. Una de las limitantes del estudio experimental del potencial antihelmíntico es la dificultad de trabajar con modelos parásitos. En este sentido, el nematodo de vida libre C. elegans es un modelo útil para entender el mecanismo de acción de drogas antihelmínticas. Por un lado, este nematodo se puede mantener y manipular en laboratorio con facilidad; por otro, comparte características fisiológicas y homología genética con nematodos parásitos, lo que permite comparaciones válidas. En esta revisión se pretende mostrar el potencial de la búsqueda de compuestos activos derivados de plantas tradicionalmente utilizadas como anti-parasitarios como punto de partida en el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos antihelmínticos, así como resaltar las ventajas que C. elegans proporciona para entender los mecanismos de acción de nuevos compuestos.
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