Actividad in vitro de extractos de hojas de Moringa oleifera Lam. sobre tres etapas del ciclo de vida de Haemonchus contortus

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v17i2.6852

Palabras clave:

Antihelmínticos, Eclosión de huevos, Larvas, Nematodos gastrointestinales

Resumen

Las ovejas alimentadas en pasturas naturales son más susceptibles a los nematodos gastrointestinales lo que provoca pérdidas económicas. Además, un problema que se ha presentado es el desarrollo de resistencia de los nematodos a los antihelmínticos sintéticos (AHs) utilizados comúnmente como tratamiento antiparasitario, debido sobre todo a su uso excesivo y sin control. Los extractos vegetales contienen metabolitos secundarios con propiedades antihelmínticas que podrían mitigar los efectos negativos de resistencia a los AHs. Este estudio evaluó la composición química y la actividad ovicida y larvicida in vitro de un extracto etanólico obtenido de hojas de Moringa oleifera contra Haemonchus contortus en ovejas. El extracto etanólico mostró la posible presencia de glucosinolatos, flavanonas y flavonoides reportados con propiedades nematicidas. El extracto se aplicó a diferentes dosis de 0.15, 0.30, 0.6 y 1.2 mg/ml utilizando 12 % levamisol comercial como control positivo y PBS salina tamponada con fosfato como control negativo en las pruebas de inhibición de eclosión de huevecillos (EHT), migración de larvas (LMIT) y movilidad del gusano adulto (AMT). Los resultados mostraron inhibición de la eclosión de huevos de 93.90 % a 0.6 mg/ml y 97.50 % a 1.2 mg/ml con CL50 de 0.4011 mg/ml pero un efecto pobre e irregular sobre larvas y parásitos adultos, siendo los mayores efectos 83.30 % LMIT con 0.3 mg/ml y 6 h y de 82.07 % AMT a 0.15 mg/ml con 4 h. Estos resultados indican que las dosis bajas tienen propiedad ovicida, y que se requieren dosis altas para actividad larvicida y vermicida. El extracto obtenido de la planta de moringa podría ser una alternativa para la prevención y control de Hemoconsis.

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Publicado

08.05.2026

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Rosales Ramírez, R., Hipólito Velasco, J. C., Vargas-Radillo, J. J., Neri-Luna, C., Hernández Villegas, M. M., & Barrientos Ramírez, L. (2026). Actividad in vitro de extractos de hojas de Moringa oleifera Lam. sobre tres etapas del ciclo de vida de Haemonchus contortus. Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Pecuarias, 17(2), e1726852. https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v17i2.6852
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