Frecuencia de genes que codifican resistencia a antibióticos en cepas de Staphylococcus aureus de piel de ubre de bovinos del suroeste de México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v16i3.6778Palabras clave:
Staphylococcus aureus, Ubre de vaca, Genes de resistencia, AntibióticosResumen
La presencia de Staphylococcus aureus en la piel de ubre bovina se ha propuesto como una fuente de contaminación ascendente hacia la glándula mamaria, que ocasiona el desarrollo de mastitis y la presencia de esta bacteria en leche. La entrada de S. aureus a la cadena alimenticia se convierte en un problema de salud pública, debido a la diseminación de cepas resistentes a antibióticos desde los animales, a alimentos y por ende a humanos. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la resistencia a antibióticos y genes asociados en cepas de S. aureus aisladas de la piel de ubre bovina. La resistencia a antibióticos fue determinada por concentración mínima inhibitoria y la presencia de genes de resistencia a antibióticos por PCR en punto final. Las cepas de S. aureus presentaron elevada frecuencia de resistencia a betalactámicos, macrólidos, lincosamidas y tetraciclinas. Las cepas fueron resistentes a cefoxitina pero no se encontró el gen mecA; de los genes ermA-C, ermB fue el gen encontrado con mayor frecuencia (16.39 %); el gen msrA se encontró en la mayoría de las cepas con resistencia constitutiva a macrólidos y lincosamidas (88.46 %); el gen tetM se encontró en 64.28 % de las cepas resistentes a tetraciclina. En conclusión, las cepas de S. aureus aisladas de piel de ubre bovina presentaron diferentes grados de resistencia a diversos grupos de antibióticos, la cual puede ser explicada por la presencia de genes asociados.
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