Parámetros genéticos del tiempo de rumia y actividad de la vaca y su relación con la producción de leche en ganado lechero
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v17i2.6750Palabras clave:
heredabilidad, tiempo de rumia, actividad diaria, producción de lecheResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar los parámetros y tendencias genéticas para el tiempo de rumia (TR, min/día), y su relación con la actividad diaria (AD, min/día) y producción de leche (PL, kg/día). El estudio incluyó información recopilada entre los años 2019 al 2023, correspondiente a 6,514 lactaciones, de 4,599 vacas Holstein de la región centro y centro-oriente de México. Los componentes de (co)varianza se estimaron con modelos animales uni y bivariados de las características PL, AD y TR, mediante el método de máxima verosimilitud restringida implementado el algoritmo de AI-REML en el programa BLUPF90+. El modelo incluyó como efectos fijos: el grupo contemporáneo de hato-año-estación (HAE) y paridad; y efectos aleatorios genético aditivo, de ambiente permanente y residual. Las heredabilidades estimadas fueron 0.47 ± 0.06, 0.11 ± 0.03 y 0.18 ± 0.02 y los valores de repetibilidad de 0.54 ± 0.01, 0.58 ± 0.01 y 0.18 ± 0.02 para TR, AD y PL, respectivamente. Las correlaciones genéticas y fenotípicas entre TR-PL fueron de 0.19 y 0.11, entre TR-AD de -0.05 y -0.06, y entre AD-PL de 0.43 y 0.21, respectivamente. TR, AD y PL mostraron una ausencia de tendencia a través del tiempo en la población de estudio. A pesar de que TR mostró una moderada heredabilidad y correlación genética baja, la decisión del uso del TR como criterio de selección requiere de una mayor investigación en poblaciones de mayor tamaño y evaluando su relación con otros parámetros productivos.
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