Detección de señales de selección en cerdo pelón mexicano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v16i2.6731Palabras clave:
QTL, genes candidatos, recursos zoo genéticos, razas criollas, SNPsResumen
El cerdo pelón mexicano (CPM) es una subpoblación de cerdos criollos, caracterizado por presentar rusticidad, resistencia a enfermedades y tener una gran calidad de carne, lo que le confiere cualidades genéticas sobresalientes. Las señales en el genoma, derivadas de la selección genética, pueden ser utilizadas para asociarse a genes y locus de características cuantitativas (QTL). El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si existen señales de selección (SS) en el genoma del CPM, así como asociar a genes candidatos (GC) y QTL con las regiones que denoten SS. Se genotipificaron 107 cerdos con el chip GGP Porcine BeadChip 50 k, la SS se determinó mediante el método puntuación de haplotipos integrados (iHS), con el cual se observó SS significativa (P<0.0001) en 20 marcadores distribuidos en los cromosomas 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 16 y 17. El cromosoma 8 presentó mayor conservación e intensidad, con posible asociación a respuesta a la selección en recientes generaciones; en los cromosomas 3 y 7 se observaron haplotipos pequeños y menos delimitados, como indicador de selección natural o adaptación. Los GC se relacionaron a características asociadas con el sistema inmune, adaptación, comportamiento, obesidad, implantación y desarrollo embrionario, calidad de la carne, crecimiento, desarrollo y eficiencia alimenticia. Se asociaron 146 QTL, los cuales están relacionados con comportamiento, conformación, gordura, capacidad inmune y reproducción. Existen SS en CPM, la cual se puede aprovechar en programas conservación y mejoramiento genético.
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