Comparación de métodos de aprendizaje automático para predicción de valores de cría genómicos en características de crecimiento en bovinos Suizo Europeo
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https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v16i1.6616Palabras clave:
Árboles de regresión, Bosques aleatorios, Redes neuronales, Capacidad predictivaResumen
Los algoritmos de Aprendizaje Automático (AA) han demostrado ventaja al abordar desafíos asociados con la cantidad y la complejidad de la información, permiten descubrir patrones, realizar análisis eficientes y servir como herramienta para la toma de decisiones. Este estudio, tuvo como objetivo comparar cuatro métodos de AA: redes neuronales artificiales (RN), árboles de regresión (AR), bosques aleatorios (BA) y máquina de soporte vectorial (SVM) para predecir el valor genómico en bovinos Suizo Europeo utilizando registros fenotípicos de pesos al nacimiento (PN), destete (PD) y al año (PA), así como información genómica. Los resultados indican que la capacidad predictiva de los modelos varía según la característica y la cantidad de información disponible. En general, RN, BA y SVM mostraron un desempeño similar, mientras que AR tuvo un desempeño inferior. La metodología SVM destacó como la herramienta con mayor potencial, obteniendo los valores más altos de correlación Pearson entre fenotipos corregidos y valores genéticos predichos para PD. A pesar de un mayor costo computacional, RN tuvo un desempeño razonable, especialmente para PN y PA. La selección del modelo final depende de las necesidades particulares de la aplicación, así como de factores prácticos como la disponibilidad de datos, recursos computacionales y la interpretabilidad; pero en general, RN y SVM surgieron como opciones sólidas en varias categorías.
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