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Efectos genéticos aditivos y no aditivos para características reproductivas en dialelo Holstein-Suizo Pardo en clima subtropical húmedo
Resumen
El cruzamiento permite aprovechar las diferencias genéticas aditivas entre razas, también permiten hacer uso de la heterosis y de la complementariedad. Por lo tanto, se necesita generar información de la eficacia de las cruzas en comparación con las razas puras, bajo las condiciones de interés. El objetivo fue cuantificar el impacto de los efectos genéticos aditivos y no aditivo para días a primer estro (DPE), días a primer servicio (DPS), días abiertos (DA), servicios por concepción (SPC), intervalo entre partos (IP) y duración de la gestación (DG). Se utilizó la información productiva y genealógica de hembras provenientes de un dialelo entre Holstein (HO) y Suizo Pardo (SP), un total de 148 vacas de las razas HO (n=43), SP (n=64) y sus cruzas reciprocas HO-SP (n=20) y SP-HO (n=21). Se utilizaron contrastes para estimar la heterosis individual y las diferencias entre los efectos genéticos directos y entre los efectos genéticos maternos con base en los modelos de Dickerson. Los resultados mostraron que la heterosis y las diferencias entre los efectos maternos no fueron significativos (P>0.05) para ninguna de las características estudiadas. Las diferencias entre efectos genéticos directos solo fueron importantes (P<0.05) para SPC y DG. En conclusión, la heterosis generada por el cruzamiento entre HO y SP no influyó sobre la eficiencia reproductiva de las hembras. Los efectos maternos no fueron diferentes entre HO y SP. Los efectos genéticos directos para SPC y DG favorecieron a la raza SP.
Palabras clave
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v14i3.6247
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