The soil-plant interface in Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombasa subjected to different doses of nitrogen in rotational grazing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v12i4.5904Palabras clave:
canopy height, leaf appearance rate, light interception, root mass, soil resistanceResumen
This work aimed to evaluate the effects of three nitrogen (N) doses on the morphogenic and structural characteristics, root mass (RM) and distribution in the soil profile, and penetration soil resistance of Mombasa guineagrass pastures managed with rotational stocking. The experimental design used randomized blocks with three N doses (100, 200, and 300 kg ha-1) and three replicates. The criterion for interrupting the pastures’ regrowth was the height of 80 to 90 cm of the canopy (90–95 % of light interception by the canopy). The animals were removed from the paddocks when the canopy reached 50 % of the pre-grazing height. Forage mass and accumulation, canopy morphogenic and structural characteristics, RM and distribution in the soil profile, and soil resistance to penetration were evaluated. In pastures fertilized with 200 and 300 kg ha-1 of N, the highest leaf appearance (0.090 and 0.081 leaves-1 tiller-1 d-1), elongation rates (2.82 and 2.61 cm tiller-1 d-1) and highest daily forage accumulation (113.8 and 106.6 kg ha-1d-1) were observed. Using 300 kg ha-1 of N promoted greater soil resistance to penetration at 10 cm of depth in the post-grazing (3.3 MPa). No effect of N doses was observed for RM (P>0.05). The pre- and post-grazing height control of animals in the paddocks therefore helped to maintain the pasture structure and avoid the soil compaction process. According to the results, it is concluded that 200 and 300 kg ha-1 of N fertilization is a strategy for intensifying pastures.
Descargas
Citas
Veras ELL, Difante, GS, Gurgel ALC, Costa ABG, Rodrigues JGR, Costa CM, et al. Tillering and structural characteristics of Panicum cultivars in the Brazilian Semiarid Region. Sustainability 2020;12(9):3849.
Montagner DB, Nascimento Júnior D, Vilela HH, Sousa BML, Euclides VPB, Silva SC, et al. Tillering dynamics in pastures of guinea grass subjected to grazing severities under intermittent stocking. R Bras Zootec 2012;41(3):544-549.
Da Silva SC, Bueno AAO, Carnevalli RA, Uebele MC, Bueno FO, Hodgson J, et al. Sward structural characteristics and herbage accumulation of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa subjected to rotational stocking managements. Sci Agric 2009;66(1):8-19.
Euclides VPB, Carpejani GC, Montagner DB, Nascimento Junior D, Barbosa RA, Difante GS. Maintaining post-grazing sward height of Panicum maximum (cv. Mombasa) at 50 cm led to higher animal performance compared with post-grazing height of 30 cm. Grass Forage Sci 2018;73(1):174-182.
Escarela CM, Pietroski M, Prado RM, Campos CSN, Caione G. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on productivity and quality of Mombasa forage (Megathyrsus maximum cv. Mombasa). Acta Agron 2017;66(1):42-48.
Alvarenga CAF, Euclides VPB, Montagner DB, Sbrissia AF, Barbosa RA, Araújo AR. Animal performance and sward characteristics of Mombasa guineagrass pastures subjected to two grazing frequencies. Trop Grassl-Forrajes Trop 2020; 8(1):1-10.
Fonseca L, Carvalho PCF, Mezzalira JC, Bremm C, Galli JR, Gregorini P. Effect of sward surface height and level of herbage depletion on bite features of cattle grazing Sorghum bicolor swards. J Anim Sci 2013;91(9):4357-4365.
Cruz P, Boval M. Effect of nitrogen on some morphogenetic traits of temperate and tropical perennial forage grasses. In: Lemaire G, et al, editors. Grassland ecophysiology and grazing ecology. 1rst ed. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing; 2000:151-168.
Braz TGS, Fonseca DM, Freitas FP, Martuscello JA, Santos MER, Santos MV. et al. Morphogenesis of Tanzania guinea grass under nitrogen doses and plant densities. R Bras Zootec 2011;40(7):1420-1427.
Martuscello JA, Silva LP, Cunha DNFV, Batista ACS, Braz TGS, Ferreira PS. Adubação nitrogenada em capim-massai: Morfogênese e produção. Cienc Anim Bras 2015;16(1):1-13.
Giacomini AA, Mattos WT, Mattos HM, Werner JC, Cunha EA, Carvalho DD. Crescimento de raízes dos capins aruana e tanzânia submetidos a duas doses de nitrogênio. R Bras Zootec 2005;34(4):1109-1120.
Gomide CAM, Paciullo DSC, Morenz MJF, Costa IA, Lanzoni CL. Productive and morphophysiological responses of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. BRS Zuri to timing and doses of nitrogen application and defoliation intensity. Grassl Sci 2019; 65(2):93-100.
Costa MAT, Tormena CA, Lugão SMB, Fidalski J, Nascimento WG, Medeiros FM. Resistência do solo à penetração e produção de raízes e de forragem em diferentes níveis de intensificação de pastejo. R Bras Ci Solo 2012;36(1):993-1004.
Barbosa LF. Acúmulo de forragem e desempenho animal em pastos de capim-mombasa sob doses de nitrogênio e pastejo intermitente [tesis maestría]. Brasil, MS: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados; 2018.
Greewood KL, Mckenzie BM. Grazing effects on soil physical properties and the consequences for pastures: a review. Aust J Exp Agric 2001;41(8):1231-1250.
EMBRAPA. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária. Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos. 3th ed. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de solo; 2013.
Lemaire G, Chapman D. Tissue flows in grazed plant communities. In: Hodgson J, Illius AW, editors. The ecology and management of grazing systems. 1rst ed. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing; 1996:3-29.
EMBRAPA. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária. Manual de métodos de análise de solo. 3th ed. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de solo; 2017.
Busscher WJ, Bauer PJ, Campa CR, Sojka RE. Correction of cone index for soil water content differences in a coastal plain soil. Soil Tillage Res 1997;43(3-4):205–217.
Basso KC, Cecato U, Lugão SMB, Gomes JAN, Barbero LM, Mourão GB, et al. Morfogênese e dinâmica do perfilhamento em pastos de Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. IPR-86 Milênio submetido a doses de nitrogênio. Rev Bras Saúde Prod An 2010; 11(4):976-989.
Farias LN, Zanine AM, Ferreira DJ, Ribeiro MD, Souza AL, Geron LJV, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilization and seasons on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Piatã (Brachiaria brizantha) grass. Rev Fac Cienc Agrar 2019; 51(2):42-54.
Gastal F, Lemaire GN. Uptake and distribution in crops: An agronomical and ecophysiological perspective. J Exp Bot 2002;53(370):789-799.
Vitor CMT, Fonseca DM, Cóser AC, Martins CE, Nascimento Júnior D, Ribeiro Júnior JI. Produção de matéria seca e valor nutritivo de pastagem de capim-elefante sob irrigação e adubação nitrogenada. R Bras Zootec 2009;41(3):565-573.
Brougham RW. Effect of intensity of defoliation on regrowth of pasture. Aust J Agric Res 1956;7(5):377-387.
Difante GDS, Nascimento Júnior D, Silva SC, Euclides VPB, Zanine AM, Adese B. Tillering dynamics of marandu palisadegrass submitted to two cutting heights and three cutting intervals. R Bras Zootec 2008;37(2):189-196.
Pereira LET, Paiva AJ. Geremia EV, Silva SC. Components of herbage accumulation in elephant grass cvar Napier subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking management. J Agric Sci 2014;152(6):954-966.
Difante GS, Nascimento Júnior D, Silva SC, Euclides VPB, Montagner DB, Silveira MCT, et al. Características morfogênicas e estruturais do capim-marandu submetido a combinações de alturas e intervalos de corte. R Bras Zootec 2011;40(5):955-963.
Nelson CJ. Shoot morphological plasticity of grasses: leaf growth vs. tillering. In: Hodgson J, Illius AW, editors. The ecology and management of grazing systems. 1rst ed. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing; 1996:101-126.
Gastal F, Lemaire G. Defoliation, shoot plasticity, sward structure and herbage utilization in pasture: review of the underlying ecophysiological processes. Agriculture 2015;5(4):1146-1171.
Garcez Neto AF, Nascimento Junior D, Regazzi AJ, Fonseca DM, Mosquim PR, Gobbi KF. Respostas morfogênicas e estruturais de Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa sob diferentes níveis de adubação nitrogenada e alturas de corte. R Bras Zootec 2002; 31(5):1890-1900.
Lemaire G, Oosterom EV, Sheehy J, Jeuffroy MH, Massignam A, Rossato L. Is crop N demand more closely related to dry matter accumulation or leaf area expansion during vegetative growth? Field Crops Res 2007;100(1):91-106.
Alderman PD, Boote KJ, Sollenberger LE. Regrowth dynamics of “tifton 85” bermudagrass as affected by nitrogen fertilization. Crop Sci 2011;51(4):1716-1726.
Fagundes JL, Moreira AL, Freitas AWP, Augusto ZontaI; Henrichs R, Rocha FC, et al. Capacidade de suporte de pastagens de capim-tifton 85 adubado com nitrogênio manejadas em lotação contínua com ovinos. R Bras Zootec 2011;40(12):2651-2657.
Carvalho RM, Alves LC, PHM Rodrigues PHM, Souza WD, Ávila AB, Santos MER. Acúmulo de forragem e estrutura do dossel de Capim-Marandu diferido e adubado com nitrogênio. Bol Ind Anim 2017;74(1):1-8.
Bertol I, Almeida JA, Almeida EX, Kurtz C. Propriedades físicas do solo relacionadas a diferentes níveis de oferta de forragem de capim-elefante-anão cv. Mott. Pesq Agropec Bras 2000;35(5):1047-1054.
Leão TP, Silva AP, Macedo MCM, Imhoff S, Euclides VPB. Least limiting water range: A potential indicator of changes in near-surface soil physical quality after the conversion of Brazilian Savanna into pasture. Soil Tillage Res 2006;88(1–2):279-285.
Leão TP, Silva AP, Macedo MCM, Imhoff S, Euclides VPB. Least limiting water range in the evaluation of continuous and short-duration grazing systems. R Bras Ci Solo 2004;28(3):415-422.
Beloni T, Piotto VC, Mari GC, Pinheiro AA, Tormena CA, Cecato U. Root system and resistance to penetration of Mombaça grass fertilized with nitrogen and irrigated. Semin Cienc Agrar 2016;37(5):3243-3252.
Gurgel ALC, Difante GS, Araujo AR, Montagner DB, Euclides VPB, Silva MGP. Carbon and nitrogen stocks and soil quality in an area cultivated with guinea grass under the residual effect of nitrogen doses. Sustainability 2020;12(22):3849.
Imhoff S, Silva AP, Tormena CA. Aplicações da curva de resistência no controle da qualidade física de um solo sob pastagem. Pesq Agropec Bras 2000;35(7):1493-1500.
Allen VG, Batello C, Berretta EJ, Hodgson J, Kothmann M, Li X, et al. An international terminology for grazing lands and grazing animals. Grass Forage Sci 2011;66(1):2–28.
Dexter AR. Soil physical quality: Part I. Theory, effects of soil texture, density, and organic matter, and effects on root growth. Geoderma 2004;120(3-4):201–214.
Huot C, Zhou Y, Philp JNM, Denton MD. Root depth development in tropical perennial forage grasses is related to root angle, root diameter and leaf area. Plant Soil 2020;456(1-2):145-158.
Sarmento P, Rodrigues LRA, Lugão SMB, Cruz MCP, Campos FP, Ferreira ME, et al. Sistema radicular do Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. IPR-86 Milênio adubado com nitrogênio e submetido à lotação rotacionada. R Bras Zootec 2008;37(1):27-34.
Guo YJ, Han L, Li GD, Han JG, Wang GL, Li ZY, et al. The effects of defoliation on plant community, root biomass and nutrient allocation and soil chemical properties on semi-arid steppes in northern China. J Arid Environ 2012;(78):128-134.
Da Silva S, Sbrissia A, Pereira L. Ecophysiology of C4 forage grasses-understanding plant growth for optimizing their use and management. Agriculture 2015;5(3):598-625.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
-
Resumen752
-
PDF 359
-
PDF302
Número
Sección
Licencia
Los autores/as que publiquen en la Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias aceptan las siguientes condiciones:
De acuerdo con la legislación de derechos de autor, la Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias reconoce y respeta el derecho moral de los autores/as, así como la titularidad del derecho patrimonial, el cual será cedido a la revista para su difusión en acceso abierto.
Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.