Control y prevención de nematodosis en pequeños rumiantes: antecedentes, retos y perspectivas en México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v12s3.5840Palabras clave:
Nematodosis, Parásitos, Ovinos, Caprinos, Control, PrevenciónResumen
En esta revisión se presenta un panorama general de las nematodosis en pequeños rumiantes en México; así como los principales problemas que enfrentan los productores para mantener su actividad productiva. Del mismo modo, se muestra información general sobre las nematodosis gastrointestinales y sus efectos en la salud animal y en la productividad. Por otra parte, se analizan los principales retos o desafíos que se enfrenta el sector pecuario para contrarrestar estas importantes enfermedades, haciendo énfasis en las distintas estrategias de control y prevención incluyendo la quimioterapia, resistencia antihelmíntica, manejo del pastoreo, desparasitación selectiva, estrategia nutricional proteica, vacunación, selección de animales genéticamente resistentes a los nematodos, el uso de plantas y compuestos con actividad nematicida; así como los resultados más recientes en cuanto al uso de hongos nematófagos como agentes de control biológico, entre otras herramientas de control. En este trabajo se hace mención a importantes resultados obtenidos en la investigación generada en el Área de Helmintología del CENID-SAI del INIFAP y se plantea como perspectiva el establecimiento de un método integral de control de estas enfermedades a las distintas fases de desarrollo de los parásitos como “blancos” de ataque hacia dónde dirigir las estrategias de control, a los diferentes estadios evolutivos de estos parásitos, con lo que se esperan los mejores resultados contra este grupo de parásitos que tanto afectan a la salud de los rebaños y a la economía de los productores.
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