Relaciones entre estacionalidad, características corporales y leptina en el inicio de la pubertad en vaquillas Bos taurus taurus y Bos taurus indicus en el trópico mexicano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v12i4.5796Palabras clave:
pubertad, superficie corporal, estacionalidad, ganado tropical, leptinaResumen
El estudio analizó, en dos años, los efectos de raza [Brahman (BHM; n= 65); Suizo Europeo (SE; n= 56)], suplementación con Zilpaterol® (ZIL; tratadas o testigo), estación de nacimiento (primavera u otoño) y sus interacciones, sobre superficie corporal (SC), edad (EPB), peso corporal (PPB), condición corporal (CC), profundidad del músculo largo dorsal (MD), grosor de grasa dorsal (GD) y concentración sérica de leptina (LEP) a la pubertad (PB) de 121 vaquillas. A la PB, las BHM fueron más pesadas y tuvieron más edad que las SE (376.8 ± 7.4 vs 302.0 ± 6.6 kg; 588.1 ± 14.7 vs 445.5 ± 12.5 días). ZIL aumentó EPB, PPB, CC y MD, pero no afectó GD y LEP. Las BHM tuvieron 18 % más SC que las SE. Sin embargo, la diferencia en PPB/SC fue sólo de 6.4 %. Cuando se usó peso metabólico (PM) como proporción de la SC (PM/SC) en lugar de PPB, la diferencia entre BHM y SE desapareció (P>0.05). El GD fue 63.7 % mayor en BHM que en SE. Las nacidas en primavera iniciaron la PB con 24.4 % menos GD que las nacidas en otoño. La mayoría de las vaquillas BHM (73.8 %) inició la PB en los meses en que las horas luz iban en aumento (P<0.05), mientras que en las SE el inicio de la PB estuvo uniformemente distribuido a través del año, independientemente de la duración de las horas luz; este efecto se mostró en los dos años de estudio. Se concluye que el establecimiento de la pubertad es un fenómeno multifactorial; la estacionalidad afecta a BHM y SE de manera diferenciada y, aparentemente, la SC es un factor importante, probablemente asociado con la eficiencia en la utilización de energía. Este trabajo reitera la importancia de la grasa dorsal y documenta, por primera vez PM/SC y su asociación con el establecimiento de la pubertad.
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