Comportamiento productivo de lechones en respuesta a la composición de la dieta y la adición de enzimas. Consecuencias del peso al destete
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v16i2.5755Palabras clave:
Destete, Enzimas, LechonesResumen
Se evaluó la respuesta a la adición de α-amilasa, serina-proteasa, β-glucanasa, pectinasa y hemicelulasa (EEX) a la dieta de lechones junto con dos esquemas de uso de soya (SOY). Con 552 cerdos, en 92 unidades experimentales (UE, corral con 6 cerdos), con peso y edad inicial de 6.14 ± 1.358 kg y 20 ± 0.83 días. En un diseño de bloques completos al azar se tuvieron 4 bloques (grupos de producción mensual) y los tratamientos fueron el arreglo factorial de dos niveles de EEX (si o no) y dos de pasta de soya (SOY), baja o alta, por fase de alimentación: F1, 12 o 24 % (7 días); F2, 16 o 32 % (14 días) y F3, 20 o 32 % (21 días). Semanalmente se estimaron el consumo de alimento, la ganancia de peso y la eficiencia alimenticia. Diariamente se evaluó la consistencia de las heces (del 1 al 5: 1=secas a 5=líquidas). Lechones con las dietas EEX ganaron más peso (P<0.02), fueron más eficientes (P<0.07) y tuvieron mejor consistencia de las heces (P<0.04) en la primera semana. Al finalizar la evaluación, no se encontraron diferencias (P>0.16) en ninguno de los criterios evaluados. Tampoco se observó respuesta a SOY (P>0.19) o las interacciones SOY×EEX (P>0.26). Al explorar si el peso de los lechones al destete influyó en la respuesta, se establecieron dos categorías (CAT) por el peso inicial de las UE: Ligeros, (4.44 ± 0.600 kg, 20 UE) y Pesados (6.73 ± 0.738 kg, 72 UE). Los ligeros, ganaron mejor en la primera semana y fueron más eficientes durante todo el periodo experimental (P<0.03). Independientemente del peso al destete, SOY no influyó en la productividad y, EEX solo dio una ventaja temporal.
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