Diversidad genética y factores de virulencia de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus aisladas de la piel de ubre bovina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v12i3.5646Palabras clave:
ubre bovina, Staphylococcus aureus, diversidad genética, mastitisResumen
Staphylococcus aureus es un patógeno reconocido como causa de mastitis en bovinos a nivel mundial, por lo cual el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la presencia de Staphylococcus aureus en la piel de pezón de la ubre bovina y relacionarlo a la presencia de mastitis, así como determinar los factores de virulencia y la diversidad genética de las cepas. En tres establos se tomaron muestras de 250 vacas de ordeña en dos temporadas del año, estiaje y lluvias. Además, se realizó la prueba de California. Staphylococcus aureus fue aislado en agar sal y manitol e identificado bioquímicamente y confirmado con la amplificación del gen femA. Para la identificación de los factores de virulencia se usaron los genes hlB, mec, saK, pvL, tsst-1, seA, seB, seC, seD y seE por PCR en punto final. Para la tipificación de S. aureus, se realizó la amplificación y restricción del gen coag. La frecuencia de S. aureus fue 13.4 %. No se encontró una relación estadística entre la presencia de S. aureus en la piel de la ubre bovina y el desarrollo de mastitis subclínica. El gen de la enterotoxina más frecuente en las cepas fue el de la enterotoxina A. Aunque el porcentaje de tipificación es bajo, se lograron identificar dos restrictotipos que agrupan cepas aisladas de diferentes vacas, lo cual evidencia la capacidad infectocontagiosa del microorganismo.
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