Thymol and carvacrol determination in a swine feed organic matrix using Headspace SPME-GC-MS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v14i1.5394Palabras clave:
Essential oil, Thymol, Carvacrol, Oregano, Origanum, HS-SPME-GC-MSResumen
In recent years, oregano essential oil has been used as an animal food additive due to its antifungal and antibacterial properties as well as s synthetic antibiotic substitute. It is desirable to develop fast and effective thymol and carvacrol quantification method in a swine feed organic matrix. In this work, a performance comparison between the Soxhlet solvent extraction technique using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate and the head space-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technique is made. A 24 design of experiments is performed for defining HS-SPME parameters: equilibrium temperature of 40 ºC, extraction temperature of 40 ºC, ionic strength of 0.57 M, and extraction time of 40 min. The HS-SPME method is more efficient for extracting thymol and carvacrol extraction from an organic matrix. Limits of detection and quantification values using Soxhlet extraction with ethyl acetate were 3.7 and 12.5 μL-1 for thymol and 1.4 and 4.7 μg L-1 for carvacrol, respectively; while LOD and LOQ for HS-SPME were 0.9 and 3.1 μg L-1 for thymol and 0.6 and 1.9 μg L-1 for carvacrol, respectively. The head space-solid phase microextraction method has the potential for quality control in the industry for active compounds present in oregano’s essential oil as an additive into an organic matrix.
Descargas
Citas
Sánchez-Ruíz JF, Tejeda-Rosales ME, Sánchez-Tejeda JF, Sánchez-Tejeda MG. Pharmacy, medicine and herbolary in the Florentine Codex. Rev Mex Cienc Farm 2012;43(3):55-66.
Kintzios SE. Oregano. In: Peter KV editor. Handbook of herbs and spices Vol. 2. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead; 2004:215-229.
Ahmad A, Khan A, Akhtar F, Yousuf S, Xess I, Khan LA, Manzoor N. Fungicidal activity of thymol and carvacrol by disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane integrity against Candida. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011;30(1):41-50.
Liolios CC, Gortzi O, Lalas S, Tsaknis J, Chinou I. Liposomal incorporation of carvacrol and thymol isolated from the essential oil of Origanum dictamnus L. and in vitro antimicrobial activity. Food Chem 2009;112(1):77-83.
Marchese A, Orhan IE., Daglia M, Barbieri R, Di Lorenzo A, Nabavi SF, Gortzi O, Izadi M, Nabavi SM. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of thymol: A brief review of the literature. Food Chem 2016;210:402-414.
Pesavento G, Calonico C, Bilia AR, Barnabei M, Calesini F, Addona R, et al. Antibacterial activity of Oregano, Rosma-rinus and Thymus essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in beef meatballs. Food Control 2015;54:188-199.
Bozkurt M, Bintaş E, Kırkan Ş, Akşit H, Küçükyılmaz K, Erbaş G, et al. Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age. Poult Sci 2016;95(11):2576-2591.
Franciosini MP, Casagrande-Proietti P, Forte C, Beghelli D, Acuti G, Zanichelli D, et al. Effects of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) aqueous extracts on broiler performance, immune function and intestinal microbial population. J Appl Anim Res 2016;44(1):474-479.
Scocco P, Forte C, Franciosini MP, Mercati F, Casagrande-Proietti P, Dall’Aglio C, et al. Gut complex carbohydrates and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens fed with oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) aqueous extract and vitamin E. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017;101(4):676-684.
Zeng Z, Zhang S, Wang H, Piao X. Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2015;6:7.
Russo M, Galletti GC, Bocchini P, Carnacini A. Essential oil chemical composition of wild populations of italian oregano spice (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart): A preliminary evaluation of their use in chemotaxonomy by cluster analy-sis. 1. Inflorescences. J Agric Food Chem 1998;46(9):3741-3746.
de Oliveira Nóbrega R, de Castro Teixeira, AP, Araújo de Oliveira W, de Oliveira Li-ma E, Oliveira Lima I. Investigation of the antifungal activity of carvacrol against strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. Pharm Biol 2016;54(11):2591-2596.
Safaei-Ghomi J, Ebrahimabadi AH, Djafari-Bidgoli Z, Batooli H. GC/MS analysis and in vitro antioxidant activity of essential oil and methanol extracts of Thymus caramanicus Jalas and its main constituent carvacrol. Food Chem 2009;115(4):1524-1528.
Díaz-Maroto MC, Pérez-Coello MS, Cabezudo MD. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of volatiles from spices: Comparison with simultaneous distillation–extraction. J Chromatogr A 2001;947(1):23-29.
Hossain MB, Barry-Ryan C, Martin-Diana AB, Brunton NP. Optimisation of accelerated solvent extraction of antioxidant compounds from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) using response surface methodology. Food Chem 2011;126(1):339-346.
Lona-Ramirez FJ, Gonzalez-Alatorre G, Rico-Ramírez V, Perez-Perez, MCI, Castre-jón-González EO. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the determination of ni-trosamines in red wine. Food Chem 2016;196:1131-1136.
Méndez-Pérez D, González Alatorre G, Botello Álvarez E, Escamilla Silva E, Alvarado JFJ. Solid-phase microextraction of N-nitrosodimethylamine in beer. Food Chem 2008; 107(3):1348-1352.
Adams A, Kruma Z, Verhé R, De Kimpe N, Kreicbergs V. Volatile profiles of rape-seed oil flavored with basil, oregano, and thyme as a function of flavoring conditions. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2011;88(2):201-212.
Karami-Osboo R, Miri R, Asadollahi M, Jassbi AR. Comparison between head-space spme and hydrodistillation-gc-ms of the volatiles of Thymus daenensis. J Essent Oil Bear Pl 2015;18(4):925-930.
Stashenko EE, Martínez JR. Sampling volatile compounds from natural products with headspace/solid-phase micro-extraction. J Biochem Biophys Methods 2007;70(2):235-242.
Pothier J, Galand N, El Ouali M, Viel C. Comparison of planar chromatographic methods (TLC, OPLC, AMD) applied to essential oils of wild thyme and seven chemo-types of thyme. II Farmaco 2001;56(5-7):505-511.
Pawliszyn J. Solid phase microextraction: Theory and practice. New York, USA: Wiley-VCH; 1997.
R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2021. http://www.R-project.org/
RStudio Team. RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: RStudio. PBC; 2020. http://www.rstudio.com/
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
-
Resumen918
-
PDF 448
-
PDF726
-
Full text 494
Número
Sección
Licencia
Los autores/as que publiquen en la Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias aceptan las siguientes condiciones:
De acuerdo con la legislación de derechos de autor, la Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias reconoce y respeta el derecho moral de los autores/as, así como la titularidad del derecho patrimonial, el cual será cedido a la revista para su difusión en acceso abierto.

Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.