Origen metabólico y propiedades bioactivas de ácidos grasos ramificados e impares en leche de rumiantes. Revisión

Autores/as

  • Pilar Gómez-Cortés Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, España.
  • Miguel Ángel de la Fuente Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, España.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v11i4.5171

Palabras clave:

Rumiante, Ácidos grasos, Leche, Productos lácteos, Rumen, Lípidos

Resumen

Los ácidos grasos de cadena impar y ramificada (AGCIR) son un grupo de lípidos en la leche que no supera el 5 % de los ácidos grasos (AG) totales, y que agrupa a un conjunto de moléculas entre las cuales los isómeros de los AG pentadecanoico (15:0, iso 15:0 y anteiso 15:0), hexadecanoico (iso 16:0) y heptadecanoico (17:0, iso 17:0 y anteiso 17:0) son los más abundantes. Los AGCIR son sintetizados por microorganismos ruminales a partir de moléculas producidas durante los procesos de la fermentación de alimentos. Investigaciones recientes señalan la posibilidad de síntesis endógena de algunos AG de cadena impar (15:0 y 17:0) y ramificada (iso 17:0 y anteiso 17:0). La presencia de estos AG en la leche está influenciada por factores dietéticos, principalmente con la proporción de almidón vs fibra, la relación forraje/concentrado y la suplementación con fuentes de grasa que generan cambios en el metabolismo lipídico, que inducen modificaciones en el perfil de AGCIR de la leche. La leche y los productos lácteos son la principal y casi única fuente de AGCIR de la dieta humana. A pesar de su baja concentración, los AGCIR representan propiedades bioactivas que han sido puestas de manifiesto en distintas investigaciones. Este trabajo revisa el origen metabólico, las propiedades bioactivas, así como las más recientes estrategias alimenticias dirigidas para manipular los contenidos y perfiles de AGCIR en la grasa láctea.

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Publicado

18.12.2020

Cómo citar

Gómez-Cortés, P., & de la Fuente, M. Ángel. (2020). Origen metabólico y propiedades bioactivas de ácidos grasos ramificados e impares en leche de rumiantes. Revisión. Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Pecuarias, 11(4), 1174–1191. https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v11i4.5171
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